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			<h1>Python3 XML 解析</h1>
<hr>

<h2>什么是 XML？</h2>
<p>XML 指可扩展标记语言（e<b>X</b>tensible <b>M</b>arkup <b>L</b>anguage），标准通用标记语言的子集，是一种用于标记电子文件使其具有结构性的标记语言。
你可以通过本站学习 <a href="../xml/xml-tutorial.html" target="_blank" title="XML教程" rel="noopener">XML 教程</a>
</p>
<p>XML 被设计用来传输和存储数据。</p>
<p>XML 是一套定义语义标记的规则，这些标记将文档分成许多部件并对这些部件加以标识。</p>
<p>它也是元标记语言，即定义了用于定义其他与特定领域有关的、语义的、结构化的标记语言的句法语言。</p>
<hr>
<h2>Python 对 XML 的解析</h2>
<p>常见的 XML 编程接口有 DOM 和 SAX，这两种接口处理 XML 文件的方式不同，当然使用场合也不同。</p>
<p>Python 有三种方法解析 XML，SAX，DOM，以及 ElementTree:</p>
<h3>1.SAX (simple API for XML )</h3>
<p>Python 标准库包含 SAX 解析器，SAX 用事件驱动模型，通过在解析 XML 的过程中触发一个个的事件并调用用户定义的回调函数来处理 XML 文件。</p>

<h3>2.DOM(Document Object Model)</h3>
<p>将 XML 数据在内存中解析成一个树，通过对树的操作来操作 XML。</p>



<p>本章节使用到的 XML 实例文件 <strong>movies.xml</strong> 内容如下：</p>

<div class="example"><h2 class="example">实例</h2> <div class="example_code">
<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;collection</span> <span style="color: #000066;">shelf</span>=<span style="color: #a11;">&quot;New Arrivals&quot;</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;movie</span> <span style="color: #000066;">title</span>=<span style="color: #a11;">&quot;Enemy Behind&quot;</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;type<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span>War, Thriller<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;/type<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;format<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span>DVD<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;/format<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;year<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span>2003<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;/year<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;rating<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span>PG<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;/rating<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;stars<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span>10<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;/stars<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;description<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span>Talk about a US-Japan war<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;/description<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;/movie<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;movie</span> <span style="color: #000066;">title</span>=<span style="color: #a11;">&quot;Transformers&quot;</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;type<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span>Anime, Science Fiction<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;/type<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;format<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span>DVD<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;/format<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;year<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span>1989<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;/year<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;rating<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span>R<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;/rating<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;stars<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span>8<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;/stars<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;description<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span>A schientific fiction<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;/description<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;/movie<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;movie</span> <span style="color: #000066;">title</span>=<span style="color: #a11;">&quot;Trigun&quot;</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;type<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span>Anime, Action<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;/type<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;format<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span>DVD<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;/format<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;episodes<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span>4<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;/episodes<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;rating<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span>PG<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;/rating<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;stars<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span>10<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;/stars<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;description<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span>Vash the Stampede!<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;/description<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;/movie<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;movie</span> <span style="color: #000066;">title</span>=<span style="color: #a11;">&quot;Ishtar&quot;</span><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;type<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span>Comedy<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;/type<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;format<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span>VHS<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;/format<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;rating<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span>PG<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;/rating<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;stars<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span>2<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;/stars<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;description<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span>Viewable boredom<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;/description<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;/movie<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #009900;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;/collection<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&gt;</span></span></span><br />
</div></div>

<hr>
<h2>Python 使用 SAX 解析 xml</h2>
<p>SAX 是一种基于事件驱动的API。</p>
<p>利用 SAX 解析 XML 文档牵涉到两个部分: <strong>解析器</strong>和<strong>事件处理器</strong>。</p>
<p>解析器负责读取 XML 文档，并向事件处理器发送事件，如元素开始跟元素结束事件。</p>
<p>而事件处理器则负责对事件作出响应，对传递的 XML 数据进行处理。
</p>
<pSAX适于处理下面的问题：</p>
<ul>
<li>
1、对大型文件进行处理；</li><li>
2、只需要文件的部分内容，或者只需从文件中得到特定信息。</li><li>
3、想建立自己的对象模型的时候。</li></ul>
<p>在 Python 中使用 sax 方式处理 xml 要先引入 xml.sax 中的 parse 函数，还有 xml.sax.handler 中的 ContentHandler。</p>
<h3>ContentHandler 类方法介绍</h3>
<p><strong>characters(content) 方法</strong></p>
<p>调用时机：</p>
<p>从行开始，遇到标签之前，存在字符，content 的值为这些字符串。</p>
<p>从一个标签，遇到下一个标签之前， 存在字符，content 的值为这些字符串。</p>
<p>从一个标签，遇到行结束符之前，存在字符，content 的值为这些字符串。</p>
<p>标签可以是开始标签，也可以是结束标签。</p>


<p><strong>startDocument() 方法</strong></p>
<p>文档启动的时候调用。</p>


<p><strong>endDocument() 方法</strong></p>
<p>解析器到达文档结尾时调用。</p>


<p><strong>startElement(name, attrs) 方法</strong></p>
<p>遇到XML开始标签时调用，name 是标签的名字，attrs 是标签的属性值字典。</p>


<p><strong>endElement(name) 方法</strong></p>
<p>遇到XML结束标签时调用。 </p>
<hr>
<h2>make_parser 方法</h2>
<p>以下方法创建一个新的解析器对象并返回。</p>
<pre>
xml.sax.make_parser( [parser_list] )
</pre>
<p>参数说明:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>parser_list</strong> - 
可选参数，解析器列表</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h2>parser 方法</h2>
<p>以下方法创建一个 SAX 解析器并解析xml文档：</p>
<pre>
xml.sax.parse( xmlfile, contenthandler[, errorhandler])
</pre>
<p>参数说明:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>xmlfile</strong> - 
xml文件名</li>
<li><strong>contenthandler</strong> - 
必须是一个 ContentHandler 的对象</li>
<li><strong>errorhandler</strong> - 
如果指定该参数，errorhandler 必须是一个 SAX ErrorHandler 对象</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h2>parseString 方法</h2>
<p>parseString 方法创建一个 XML 解析器并解析 xml 字符串：</p>
<pre>
xml.sax.parseString(xmlstring, contenthandler[, errorhandler])
</pre>
<p>参数说明:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>xmlstring</strong> - 
xml字符串</li>
<li><strong>contenthandler</strong> - 
必须是一个 ContentHandler 的对象</li>
<li><strong>errorhandler</strong> - 
如果指定该参数，errorhandler 必须是一个  SAX ErrorHandler对象</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h2>Python 解析XML实例</h2>

<div class="example"><h2 class="example">实例</h2> <div class="example_code">
<span style="color: #a50">#!/usr/bin/python3</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: Green;font-weight:bold;">import</span> <span style="color: #05a;">xml</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">sax</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: Green;font-weight:bold;">class</span> MovieHandler<span style="color: Olive;">&#40;</span> <span style="color: #05a;">xml</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">sax</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">ContentHandler</span> <span style="color: Olive;">&#41;</span>:<br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: Green;font-weight:bold;">def</span> <span style="color: Navy;">__init__</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#40;</span><span style="color: Teal;">self</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#41;</span>:<br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: Teal;">self</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">CurrentData</span> <span style="color: Gray;">=</span> <span style="color: #a11;">&quot;&quot;</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: Teal;">self</span>.<span style="color: Teal;">type</span> <span style="color: Gray;">=</span> <span style="color: #a11;">&quot;&quot;</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: Teal;">self</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">format</span> <span style="color: Gray;">=</span> <span style="color: #a11;">&quot;&quot;</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: Teal;">self</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">year</span> <span style="color: Gray;">=</span> <span style="color: #a11;">&quot;&quot;</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: Teal;">self</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">rating</span> <span style="color: Gray;">=</span> <span style="color: #a11;">&quot;&quot;</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: Teal;">self</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">stars</span> <span style="color: Gray;">=</span> <span style="color: #a11;">&quot;&quot;</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: Teal;">self</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">description</span> <span style="color: Gray;">=</span> <span style="color: #a11;">&quot;&quot;</span><br />
<br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: #a50"># 元素开始调用</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: Green;font-weight:bold;">def</span> startElement<span style="color: Olive;">&#40;</span><span style="color: Teal;">self</span><span style="color: Gray;">,</span> tag<span style="color: Gray;">,</span> attributes<span style="color: Olive;">&#41;</span>:<br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: Teal;">self</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">CurrentData</span> <span style="color: Gray;">=</span> tag<br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: Green;font-weight:bold;">if</span> tag <span style="color: Gray;">==</span> <span style="color: #a11;">&quot;movie&quot;</span>:<br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: Green;font-weight:bold;">print</span> <span style="color: Olive;">&#40;</span><span style="color: #a11;">&quot;*****Movie*****&quot;</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#41;</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;title <span style="color: Gray;">=</span> attributes<span style="color: Olive;">&#91;</span><span style="color: #a11;">&quot;title&quot;</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#93;</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: Green;font-weight:bold;">print</span> <span style="color: Olive;">&#40;</span><span style="color: #a11;">&quot;Title:&quot;</span><span style="color: Gray;">,</span> title<span style="color: Olive;">&#41;</span><br />
<br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: #a50"># 元素结束调用</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: Green;font-weight:bold;">def</span> endElement<span style="color: Olive;">&#40;</span><span style="color: Teal;">self</span><span style="color: Gray;">,</span> tag<span style="color: Olive;">&#41;</span>:<br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: Green;font-weight:bold;">if</span> <span style="color: Teal;">self</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">CurrentData</span> <span style="color: Gray;">==</span> <span style="color: #a11;">&quot;type&quot;</span>:<br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: Green;font-weight:bold;">print</span> <span style="color: Olive;">&#40;</span><span style="color: #a11;">&quot;Type:&quot;</span><span style="color: Gray;">,</span> <span style="color: Teal;">self</span>.<span style="color: Teal;">type</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#41;</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: Green;font-weight:bold;">elif</span> <span style="color: Teal;">self</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">CurrentData</span> <span style="color: Gray;">==</span> <span style="color: #a11;">&quot;format&quot;</span>:<br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: Green;font-weight:bold;">print</span> <span style="color: Olive;">&#40;</span><span style="color: #a11;">&quot;Format:&quot;</span><span style="color: Gray;">,</span> <span style="color: Teal;">self</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">format</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#41;</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: Green;font-weight:bold;">elif</span> <span style="color: Teal;">self</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">CurrentData</span> <span style="color: Gray;">==</span> <span style="color: #a11;">&quot;year&quot;</span>:<br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: Green;font-weight:bold;">print</span> <span style="color: Olive;">&#40;</span><span style="color: #a11;">&quot;Year:&quot;</span><span style="color: Gray;">,</span> <span style="color: Teal;">self</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">year</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#41;</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: Green;font-weight:bold;">elif</span> <span style="color: Teal;">self</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">CurrentData</span> <span style="color: Gray;">==</span> <span style="color: #a11;">&quot;rating&quot;</span>:<br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: Green;font-weight:bold;">print</span> <span style="color: Olive;">&#40;</span><span style="color: #a11;">&quot;Rating:&quot;</span><span style="color: Gray;">,</span> <span style="color: Teal;">self</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">rating</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#41;</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: Green;font-weight:bold;">elif</span> <span style="color: Teal;">self</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">CurrentData</span> <span style="color: Gray;">==</span> <span style="color: #a11;">&quot;stars&quot;</span>:<br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: Green;font-weight:bold;">print</span> <span style="color: Olive;">&#40;</span><span style="color: #a11;">&quot;Stars:&quot;</span><span style="color: Gray;">,</span> <span style="color: Teal;">self</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">stars</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#41;</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: Green;font-weight:bold;">elif</span> <span style="color: Teal;">self</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">CurrentData</span> <span style="color: Gray;">==</span> <span style="color: #a11;">&quot;description&quot;</span>:<br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: Green;font-weight:bold;">print</span> <span style="color: Olive;">&#40;</span><span style="color: #a11;">&quot;Description:&quot;</span><span style="color: Gray;">,</span> <span style="color: Teal;">self</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">description</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#41;</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: Teal;">self</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">CurrentData</span> <span style="color: Gray;">=</span> <span style="color: #a11;">&quot;&quot;</span><br />
<br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: #a50"># 读取字符时调用</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: Green;font-weight:bold;">def</span> characters<span style="color: Olive;">&#40;</span><span style="color: Teal;">self</span><span style="color: Gray;">,</span> content<span style="color: Olive;">&#41;</span>:<br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: Green;font-weight:bold;">if</span> <span style="color: Teal;">self</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">CurrentData</span> <span style="color: Gray;">==</span> <span style="color: #a11;">&quot;type&quot;</span>:<br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: Teal;">self</span>.<span style="color: Teal;">type</span> <span style="color: Gray;">=</span> content<br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: Green;font-weight:bold;">elif</span> <span style="color: Teal;">self</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">CurrentData</span> <span style="color: Gray;">==</span> <span style="color: #a11;">&quot;format&quot;</span>:<br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: Teal;">self</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">format</span> <span style="color: Gray;">=</span> content<br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: Green;font-weight:bold;">elif</span> <span style="color: Teal;">self</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">CurrentData</span> <span style="color: Gray;">==</span> <span style="color: #a11;">&quot;year&quot;</span>:<br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: Teal;">self</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">year</span> <span style="color: Gray;">=</span> content<br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: Green;font-weight:bold;">elif</span> <span style="color: Teal;">self</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">CurrentData</span> <span style="color: Gray;">==</span> <span style="color: #a11;">&quot;rating&quot;</span>:<br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: Teal;">self</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">rating</span> <span style="color: Gray;">=</span> content<br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: Green;font-weight:bold;">elif</span> <span style="color: Teal;">self</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">CurrentData</span> <span style="color: Gray;">==</span> <span style="color: #a11;">&quot;stars&quot;</span>:<br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: Teal;">self</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">stars</span> <span style="color: Gray;">=</span> content<br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: Green;font-weight:bold;">elif</span> <span style="color: Teal;">self</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">CurrentData</span> <span style="color: Gray;">==</span> <span style="color: #a11;">&quot;description&quot;</span>:<br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: Teal;">self</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">description</span> <span style="color: Gray;">=</span> content<br />
&nbsp; <br />
<span style="color: Green;font-weight:bold;">if</span> <span style="color: Olive;">&#40;</span> __name__ <span style="color: Gray;">==</span> <span style="color: #a11;">&quot;__main__&quot;</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#41;</span>:<br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;<br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: #a50"># 创建一个 XMLReader</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: #05a;">parser</span> <span style="color: Gray;">=</span> <span style="color: #05a;">xml</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">sax</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">make_parser</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#40;</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#41;</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: #a50"># 关闭命名空间</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: #05a;">parser</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">setFeature</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#40;</span><span style="color: #05a;">xml</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">sax</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">handler</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">feature_namespaces</span><span style="color: Gray;">,</span> <span style="color: Maroon;">0</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#41;</span><br />
<br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: #a50"># 重写 ContextHandler</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;Handler <span style="color: Gray;">=</span> MovieHandler<span style="color: Olive;">&#40;</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#41;</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: #05a;">parser</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">setContentHandler</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#40;</span> Handler <span style="color: Olive;">&#41;</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;<br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: #05a;">parser</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">parse</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#40;</span><span style="color: #a11;">&quot;movies.xml&quot;</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#41;</span><br />
</div></div>

<p>以上代码执行结果如下：</p>
<pre>
*****Movie*****
Title: Enemy Behind
Type: War, Thriller
Format: DVD
Year: 2003
Rating: PG
Stars: 10
Description: Talk about a US-Japan war
*****Movie*****
Title: Transformers
Type: Anime, Science Fiction
Format: DVD
Year: 1989
Rating: R
Stars: 8
Description: A schientific fiction
*****Movie*****
Title: Trigun
Type: Anime, Action
Format: DVD
Rating: PG
Stars: 10
Description: Vash the Stampede!
*****Movie*****
Title: Ishtar
Type: Comedy
Format: VHS
Rating: PG
Stars: 2
Description: Viewable boredom
</pre>
<p>完整的 SAX API 文档请查阅<a href="https://docs.python.org/library/xml.sax.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">Python SAX APIs</a></p>
<hr>
<h2>使用xml.dom解析xml</h2>
<p>文件对象模型（Document Object Model，简称DOM），是W3C组织推荐的处理可扩展置标语言的标准编程接口。</p>
<p>一个 DOM 的解析器在解析一个 XML 文档时，一次性读取整个文档，把文档中所有元素保存在内存中的一个树结构里，之后你可以利用DOM 提供的不同的函数来读取或修改文档的内容和结构，也可以把修改过的内容写入xml文件。
</p>
<p>Python 中用 xml.dom.minidom 来解析 xml 文件，实例如下：</p>

<div class="example"><h2 class="example">实例</h2> <div class="example_code">
<span style="color: #a50">#!/usr/bin/python3</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: Green;font-weight:bold;">from</span> <span style="color: #05a;">xml</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">dom</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">minidom</span> <span style="color: Green;font-weight:bold;">import</span> parse<br />
<span style="color: Green;font-weight:bold;">import</span> <span style="color: #05a;">xml</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">dom</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">minidom</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #a50"># 使用minidom解析器打开 XML 文档</span><br />
DOMTree <span style="color: Gray;">=</span> <span style="color: #05a;">xml</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">dom</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">minidom</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">parse</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#40;</span><span style="color: #a11;">&quot;movies.xml&quot;</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#41;</span><br />
collection <span style="color: Gray;">=</span> DOMTree.<span style="color: #05a;">documentElement</span><br />
<span style="color: Green;font-weight:bold;">if</span> collection.<span style="color: #05a;">hasAttribute</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#40;</span><span style="color: #a11;">&quot;shelf&quot;</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#41;</span>:<br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: Green;font-weight:bold;">print</span> <span style="color: Olive;">&#40;</span><span style="color: #a11;">&quot;Root element : %s&quot;</span> % collection.<span style="color: #05a;">getAttribute</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#40;</span><span style="color: #a11;">&quot;shelf&quot;</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#41;</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#41;</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #a50"># 在集合中获取所有电影</span><br />
movies <span style="color: Gray;">=</span> collection.<span style="color: #05a;">getElementsByTagName</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#40;</span><span style="color: #a11;">&quot;movie&quot;</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#41;</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #a50"># 打印每部电影的详细信息</span><br />
<span style="color: Green;font-weight:bold;">for</span> movie <span style="color: Green;font-weight:bold;">in</span> movies:<br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: Green;font-weight:bold;">print</span> <span style="color: Olive;">&#40;</span><span style="color: #a11;">&quot;*****Movie*****&quot;</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#41;</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: Green;font-weight:bold;">if</span> movie.<span style="color: #05a;">hasAttribute</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#40;</span><span style="color: #a11;">&quot;title&quot;</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#41;</span>:<br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span style="color: Green;font-weight:bold;">print</span> <span style="color: Olive;">&#40;</span><span style="color: #a11;">&quot;Title: %s&quot;</span> % movie.<span style="color: #05a;">getAttribute</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#40;</span><span style="color: #a11;">&quot;title&quot;</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#41;</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#41;</span><br />
<br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: Teal;">type</span> <span style="color: Gray;">=</span> movie.<span style="color: #05a;">getElementsByTagName</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#40;</span><span style="color: #a11;">'type'</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#41;</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#91;</span><span style="color: Maroon;">0</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#93;</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: Green;font-weight:bold;">print</span> <span style="color: Olive;">&#40;</span><span style="color: #a11;">&quot;Type: %s&quot;</span> % <span style="color: Teal;">type</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">childNodes</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#91;</span><span style="color: Maroon;">0</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#93;</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">data</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#41;</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;format <span style="color: Gray;">=</span> movie.<span style="color: #05a;">getElementsByTagName</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#40;</span><span style="color: #a11;">'format'</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#41;</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#91;</span><span style="color: Maroon;">0</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#93;</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: Green;font-weight:bold;">print</span> <span style="color: Olive;">&#40;</span><span style="color: #a11;">&quot;Format: %s&quot;</span> % format.<span style="color: #05a;">childNodes</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#91;</span><span style="color: Maroon;">0</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#93;</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">data</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#41;</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;rating <span style="color: Gray;">=</span> movie.<span style="color: #05a;">getElementsByTagName</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#40;</span><span style="color: #a11;">'rating'</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#41;</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#91;</span><span style="color: Maroon;">0</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#93;</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: Green;font-weight:bold;">print</span> <span style="color: Olive;">&#40;</span><span style="color: #a11;">&quot;Rating: %s&quot;</span> % rating.<span style="color: #05a;">childNodes</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#91;</span><span style="color: Maroon;">0</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#93;</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">data</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#41;</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;description <span style="color: Gray;">=</span> movie.<span style="color: #05a;">getElementsByTagName</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#40;</span><span style="color: #a11;">'description'</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#41;</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#91;</span><span style="color: Maroon;">0</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#93;</span><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="color: Green;font-weight:bold;">print</span> <span style="color: Olive;">&#40;</span><span style="color: #a11;">&quot;Description: %s&quot;</span> % description.<span style="color: #05a;">childNodes</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#91;</span><span style="color: Maroon;">0</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#93;</span>.<span style="color: #05a;">data</span><span style="color: Olive;">&#41;</span><br />
</div></div>
<p>以上程序执行结果如下：</p>
<pre>
Root element : New Arrivals
*****Movie*****
Title: Enemy Behind
Type: War, Thriller
Format: DVD
Rating: PG
Description: Talk about a US-Japan war
*****Movie*****
Title: Transformers
Type: Anime, Science Fiction
Format: DVD
Rating: R
Description: A schientific fiction
*****Movie*****
Title: Trigun
Type: Anime, Action
Format: DVD
Rating: PG
Description: Vash the Stampede!
*****Movie*****
Title: Ishtar
Type: Comedy
Format: VHS
Rating: PG
Description: Viewable boredom
</pre>
<p>完整的  DOM API 文档请查阅<a href="http://docs.python.org/library/xml.dom.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">Python DOM APIs</a>。</p>			<!-- 其他扩展 -->
						
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